Most nonviolent protests are normative, that is, they are in line with what people think is acceptable for a protest, e.g., peacefully assembling and marching. Similarly, most violent protests are considered nonnormative, as violence is seen as an automatic violation of what is acceptable. However, protests can also be both nonviolent and nonnormative – that is, they can step outside the bounds of what is considered normal or acceptable behavior, but do so in a nonviolent way. Classic examples of this include refusing to pay fines or taxes, striking, boycotting, engaging in sit-ins, or otherwise occupying public space. We thought this type of protest tactic might be particularly effective because its nonnormative nature generates pressure for change, while its nonviolent nature helps to maintain public support.

Our research shows that nonnormative nonviolent protests are so effective because they balance two important factors. First, nonnormative nonviolent protests are seen as disruptive and thus demanding at least some sort of action to address it. Further, they are also seen as constructive – participants saw the protesters as having goals of achieving something beneficial for their cause and not trying to harm their opponents. Because participants felt the protests demanded immediate action and saw the protesters as having positive intentions, they responded with support for the protesters’ policy goals.

Credit: Psychology Today

• Read and understand the content of this site and others found on the references page.

• Clearly identify a goal that all interested parties can agree on.

• Settle on clear messaging that does not sow confusion both internally and to the public.

• Identify the approach(es) to be used (e.g. normative, nonnormative, hybrid). Non-violence International provides a database of tactics that can be used.

• Identify a digital and social media strategy.

• Emphasize (and train) to all parties involved on the importance and effectiveness of remaining non-violent.

Getting Started